Essay about Rochem Ltd - 1312 Words

Rochem Ltd This case examines an equipment purchase decision as faced by a small food preservatives manufacturing company. The text is a description of a meeting between four managers concerned with the decision and presents their evidence to the management committee together with their personal views as to which of two alternative machines ought to be bought. No conclusion is reached in the case. Some notes on the Rochem Ltd case exercise The equipment purchase decision in general It is unusual for facilities to be chosen on one criterion only. For example, if a piece of equipment is needed immediately and only one model or make is available without considerable delivery delays, then the criterion of availability has predominated.†¦show more content†¦The range of capability could also be an important factor, that is, how adaptable, flexible or general does the machine have to be? This will depend on how accurately we can predict the future use to which the machine will be put. Financial criteria – costs Cost is clearly a major financial criterion for choosing between machines. There are, however, two aspects of the cost of any facility: the initial cost and the total life cycle cost. The initial cost is its basic purchase price. Sometimes limitations on the amount of capital available could eliminate some alternatives which, although may be good investments, require more initial capital than the company can afford. The total life cycle cost includes the cost associated with acquiring, using, caring, development, design, production, maintenance, replacement and disposal; as well as all the support, training and operating costs generated by the acquisition. Financial criteria – benefits The benefits which accrue from investing in machinery cannot always be described accurately in financial terms, but indirectly always reflect in financial performance. Benefits are usually expressed in profit terms or saving terms, whichever is more appropriate to the particular decision. Any sensible measure of benefit can be used provided all alternatives are assessed on the same criteria. The timing of benefits can also be important. A useful method of comparing costs

Cold War Influences on American Culture, Politics, and...

Following World War II, Europe was in ruins. Between bomb damage, economic downturn, and natural disasters such as droughts and blizzards it seemed nearly impossible to restore Europe to its prior greatness. America facilitated the recovery of Europe with military and financial aid and helped prevent the spread of communism. This aid crushed the Soviet dream of a communist Europe and started the Cold War. Over the next 45 years, the United States and the Soviet Union would resemble two angry women, avoiding each other at all costs and exploding into a furious rage at the first sight of the other. Many events contributed to and were derived from the Cold War such as the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan, the Civil Rights movement, the Space†¦show more content†¦Unlike the Monroe Doctrine and its Roosevelt Corollary, which focused on the Western Hemisphere, Truman’s policy was global in scope. Beyond Greece and Turkey, it underpinned an array of Cold War initiatives: th e $12 billion Marshall Plan for European reconstruction, the creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and an unprecedented military buildup in the wake of the Korean War. Indeed it guided America’s Cold War policies for four decades – from Berlin and Cuba to Vietnam and Afghanistan. Earlier in the article, Merrill defines modernity as â€Å"a worldwide cultural revolution, a state of consciousness that elevates science, mastery over nature, mass production, mass consumption, and social engineering.† Though the Truman Doctrine lacked a strategic vision, it gave the world purpose and identity with each other in areas that were already similar to the culture of the United States. Most of these countries were in Western Europe, but Japan was included also because its economic and technological life was so similar to that of the United States (Merrill). Throughout the Cold War Era, societies developed from economically deficient to well-rounded, thriving cultures. The Cold War encouraged this worldwide cultural revolution; around the globe, societies were moving away from the economic woes of the Great Depression and into the forward-thinking decadesShow MoreRelatedThe War Of World War II1638 Words   |  7 PagesWorld War II was the most widespread war in hi story and it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. This war lasted from 1939 to 1945. The war pinned the Axis nations which were Germany, Italy, Japan versus the Allied nations which were led by Britain and its Commonwealth nation, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States. The Allies were victorious in the War. It was one of the most significant periods of time in the 20th century. The war resultedRead More Clash Of Civilizations Essay examples1587 Words   |  7 PagesHuntington is the Albert J. 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The Cold War impacted society and politics more so than WWII by aiding countries in hopes of making them join their regime, the use of propaganda techniques to portray the other superpower as weak, the fear of annihilation due to nuclear weapons, and the war between communism and democracy. After WWII, much of Europe was left in ruins and millions of peopleRead MoreThe United States And The American Century989 Words   |  4 Pagesforeign entanglements, but WWI engages the U.S. in European affairs, leaving Americans overwhelmed by the Great Depression and a feeling of isolationism. With the war over, the United States refuses to join the League of Nations and withdrew once again. So, when did the American Century begin? At the beginning of the 20th century the United States was an international power grounded in economic strength, but their military influence is limited. The perceived power of the United States and its potentialRead MoreEffects of the Cold War Essay1782 Words   |  8 Pagesall time due to his involvement in the Cold War. The Cold War is a period of time dating back between the late 1940’s to the early 1990’s in which America’s preeminent concern, was containing the Soviet Union and their morals on spreading communism. Considerin g that the Cold War lasted around forty some years, there are many short terms and long terms effects that go along with it. While the effects of the Cold War seemed to be drastic it actually was a war in which no shots were fired. The mainRead MoreFrancis Fukuyama s The End Of History985 Words   |  4 Pagesof the Cold War, humanity is reaching a point where Western liberal democracy and economic structure is the highest form of ideological development. 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How Accurate Is It to Say That Lenin’s Leadership Free Essays

How accurate is it to say that Lenin’s leadership was the most important reason for the Bolshevik’s success in the revolution of November 1917? Lenin’s leadership was to a large extent an important cause of the Bolshevik’s success in the November 1917 revolution. This is because of Lenin’s great leadership skills, including his personality and timing, and his use of propaganda. Other factors to why the Bolsheviks succeeded included Trotsky’s role, which was debatably more important, and the problems with the Provisional Government, which made it unpopular, increasing support to the Bolsheviks and meant that any future revolution was inevitable. We will write a custom essay sample on How Accurate Is It to Say That Lenin’s Leadership? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lenin’s leadership was crucial in a number of respects. He was a brilliant orator so the Bolsheviks were well led. At the Central Committee meeting on the 23rd October 1917, Lenin forced through an agenda item, when the leading Bolsheviks, Zinoviev and Kamenev, disagreed on it. This was crucial because Lenin was in exile in Switzerland and had fled to Finland more recently because of disasters resulting from the July Days. This shows how Lenin was obviously still the determined leader of the Bolsheviks, and in the face of a united opposition, he was still capable to force his views upon the party. Furthermore, Zinoviev and Kamenev’s correct interpretation of Marx was not enough to stall Lenin’s wish for an armed uprising. Lenin slightly changed Marxist theory by stating that the bourgeois revolution had enough time to complete industrialization. This further established how influential Lenin within the Bolsheviks and no one could compete with him even if it was obvious that his Marxist theory was wrong. The Bolshevik’s success would not have occurred in the armed uprising of the November 1917 revolution without Lenin’s leadership skills. Lenin’s leadership skills is linked to his popular slogans which gained support to the Bolsheviks whilst making the Provisional Government unpopular. Furthermore, Lenin was determined to transform the political state in Russia by overthrowing the Provisional Government. Before Lenin’s return in April 1917, the leading Bolsheviks, such as Kamenev and Stalin, actually supported the Government. There were major problems for the government, counting the central issues. People were suffering from the hardships of World War I including: a huge number of deaths at the front, hyperinflation, transportation breakdowns, empty shelves in stores and lack of fuel to heat people’s homes. These issues were linked in a cruel circle; the only way to end the economic and social crisis was to get out off war but by doing so, that would mean the withdrawal of foreign aid, which would create an economic crisis of its own. The central issues dissatisfied the proletariat, soldiers and peasants. When Lenin returned, he promised his most popular slogans, which were ‘Peace, Land and Bread’ and ‘All Power to the Soviets’ which were designed to gain support for the Bolsheviks and undermine the Provisional Government. ‘Peace, Land and Bread’ was a popular message because ‘peace’ meant an instant end to conflicts and referred to Bolshevik opposition to war; ‘bread’ meant a promise of food in the towns and cities, and ‘land’ meant all of it to be nationalised for the peasantry. This was a popular message in a country tired of war and faced food shortages. This emphasised the Provisional Government’s support for the unpopular war and proved their failure to help the land and food shortages. Lenin’s solution ‘All Power to the Soviets’ made the workers and peasants believe that the Provisional Government was made up entirely of landowners and middle classes who would not look out for them. The slogans, therefore, allowed Lenin to give support to the Bolsheviks that they will have power whilst making the Provisional Government look weak and dependant on the ‘strong’ Bolsheviks. This is linked to how the weakness of the Provisional Government helped the Bolshevik’s support rise. It was the Provisional Government, which lead to direct attempts to defeat it; the Bolsheviks were lucky that the Provisional Government was weak. General Kornilov, dissatisfied with the Provisional Government and the muddled state of the army, called for its overthrow. He wanted a return of the death penalty for abandonment, the elimination of the Soviets and the appointment of himself as new leader. Kerensky firstly made proposals to Kornilov by asking him to join a coalition. When rejected, he had to ask the Petrograd Soviet to help him defend the capital. They agreed, but only once he had released the Bolshevik prisoners. He was therefore put into an unpleasant position of having to give weapons to a group of people who were wanted to defeat his government. In the end, Kornilov surrendered. The results were disastrous for the government. Politically, it lost support on both Left and Right. The Right-Wing were shocked that Kerensky had armed the communists. The Left were shocked that Kerensky had tried to compromise with Kornilov and turned instead to the organisation of the Bolsheviks. Militarily, the army lost all trust in the government and started to collapse. The Provisional Government was now extremely unpopular and helped make revolution inevitable with more Bolshevik support. Furthermore, The Kornilov Affair had followed the arming of the Military Revolutionary Committee (MRC). The MRC did not give its guns back to the Provisional Government once the crisis was over, which meant that there was an armed radical group at the core of the Petrograd who were progressively undertaking the orders of the Bolsheviks. In addition, the failure of Kornilov to get to Petrograd highlighted the power the MRC had over soldiers Clearly, after the Kornilov Affair, the Provisional Government could no longer trust the troops to protect them if their opponent were in the MRC. The Kornilov Affair therefore made the revolution inevitable. This is linked to Trotsky, who led the MRC, and how his role was crucial to the success of the Bolsheviks in the revolution. It was Trotsky who was the mastermind behind the actual planning and accomplishment of the uprising ever since he joined the Bolsheviks in May. Trotsky started the Pravda, a new workers-oriented newspaper, which got the Bolsheviks ideas across and helped the party run its own propaganda machine. Furthermore, on the evening of 24th October 1917, orders were given for the Bolsheviks began to occupy the railway stations, the telephone exchange and the State Bank. The next day the Red Guards, a private Bolshevik army established by Trotsky, surrounded the Winter Palace. The Military Revolutionary Committee (MRC) of the Petrograd Soviet was set up to defend Soviets from Germans after the June offensive collapses. It was under the control of Trotsky and the Red Guards occupied crucial areas of Petrograd and arrested most of the Provisional Government, who were in the Winter Palace. Many of the members of the Provisional Government were arrested, but did not offer any confrontation. The MRC, however, did win over the support f the Peter/Paul fortress, with its 100,000 rifles. This shows how Trotsky had also organised and executed the Bolsheviks’ takeover with great competence. Trotsky was an important contribution as he was the organiser and gave the Bolsheviks the military power to win against the Provisional Government, which ended up numbering over 10,000. To conclude, Lenin’s leadership was crucial to a number of respects. Howev er, other factors such as Trotsky’s role, including his great organisational skills, and the weakness of the Provisional Government, which helped increase Bolshevik support, are arguably more crucial. Lenin was a brilliant speaker and powerful within the party. In the face of a united opposition between Zinoviev and Kamenev, Lenin was still able to force his views upon the party, which shows how no one could compete with him. His two famous slogans ‘All Power to the Soviets’ and ‘Peace, Land and Bread’ allowed Lenin to give support to the Bolsheviks that they will have power. However, Lenin was lucky that the Bolsheviks’ opponent, the Provisional Government, was weak. There was little support for the Provisional Government within the Petrograd. The Provisional Government failed to tackle the worst issues like the food shortages for example. The Kornilov Affair also created political and military problems for the government, which made revolution inevitable. Furthermore, Trotsky played a much important role as he gave the Bolsheviks the military power due to his organisational and timing skills. Lenin did help the Bolsheviks succeed in the November 1917, but only to a certain extent. How to cite How Accurate Is It to Say That Lenin’s Leadership?, Essay examples

Public health free essay sample

Yet the principle acknowledges that public health will also concern itself with some immediate causes and some curative roles. For example, the treatment of curable infections is important to the prevention of transmission of infection to others. The term public health is used here and elsewhere in the Code to represent the entire field of public health, including but not limited to government institutions and schools of public health. This first statement in the twelve principles of the ethical practice of public health: Recognizes the ethical alue the public health community gives to prevention. Considers the full spectrum of the determinants of health. Identifies the range of options for interventions that correspond to the full spectrum of determinants of health Ethical principles of the practice of public health 1. Humans have a right to the resources necessary for health 2. Humans are inherently social and interdependent- meaning humans look to each other for support and companionship in the relationships they lead. We will write a custom essay sample on Public health or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page E. g family, friendships and communities. By doing this they rely upon each other for safety and survival, and his is possible in more positive relationships. 3. The effectiveness of institutions depends heavily on the publics trust- truth telling, transparency, accountability, reliability and reciprocity, listening to as well and speaking with the community. 4. Collaboration is a key element to public health- between the various public health infrastructures in terms of the agencies, working together of these agencies in order attains proper efficiency and problem solving capabilities. . People and their physical environment are interdependent- People depend on the resources of their atural and constructed environments for life itself, therefore a damaged or unbalance environment and poorly constructed environment or one in poor condition will have adverse effects on the health of people. Also we know this term goes both ways meaning people play an important role in maintaining their environment as well. 6. Each person in a community should have an opportunity to requirements of health in a community are a primary concern to public health- most health programs are curative in nature but we must never lose sight of the underlying causes and prevention. . Knowledge is important and powerful- improvement of health care and understanding health through research and accumulation of knowledge. 9. Science is the basis for much of our public health knowledge- scientific methods, objectivity, using a full range of scientific tools and methods of evaluation of policies and of programs to protect and promote health. 0. People are responsible to act on the basis on what they know- Public health should seek to transfer available knowledge to the public so they may make informed decisions about their health. 11 . Action is not based on information alone. These ethical principles hold a major basis toward the prevention of health issues in a community. The community should be aware and fully knowledge able about their ethical right and privileges. The determinants of health depend largely on the circumstances and environment of people and the community. It does not mean whether someone is health or not or the absence of disease or presence of it. The determinants of health include: the social and economic environment, the physical environment, and the persons individual characteristics and behaviours. The manner in which people live their lives has a major influence over the health they may possess whether they know this or not. According to the WHO the following are some factors which are determinants of health. Income and social status higher income and social status are linked to better health.